Note:

This calculator estimates the vertical rise (ΔH) of a gas plume from a stack using Holland’s Equation, which accounts for buoyant forces, gas temperature differences, and environmental wind speed.

It is commonly used in air dispersion modeling, environmental impact assessments, and industrial emissions analysis to determine how high pollutants will travel before dispersion.

Explanation of Parameters:

• V_s (Stack Gas Exit Velocity): Speed at which gas leaves the stack (m/s).
• D_s (Stack Diameter): Diameter of the outlet of the stack (m).
• U (Wind Speed): Speed of wind at stack height (m/s).
• P_a (Atmospheric Pressure): Ambient pressure (mb).
• T_s (Stack Gas Temperature): Temperature of the gas being emitted (K).
• T_a (Ambient Air Temperature): Surrounding air temperature (K).

Why Estimate Plume Rise? Determining plume rise is essential for accurately predicting how pollutants will disperse in the atmosphere, ensuring compliance with air quality standards and designing effective stack systems.

Validations:

• Positive Inputs Only: All values must be greater than 0 for a valid calculation.
• Temperature Difference: T_s must be higher than T_a to ensure buoyant plume behavior.
• Realistic Ranges:
  • Stack Temp (T_s): Typically 300–1500 K
  • Ambient Temp (T_a): 273–320 K
  • Wind Speed (U): 0.5–10 m/s
  • Pressure (P_a): ~950–1050 mb

Real-life Applications:

• Air Pollution Modeling: Used in Gaussian plume models to simulate pollutant spread.
• Industrial Stack Design: Helps in designing stack height for effective dispersion.
• Regulatory Compliance: Required in reports for pollution control authorities.
• Meteorological Studies: Supports forecasting and climate research.

Conclusion:

The Plume Rise Estimation using Holland’s Equation provides a scientifically accurate method to predict how emissions behave in the atmosphere. It helps in ensuring effective pollution control, environmental safety, and regulatory compliance.