Note:

This calculator determines the Combustion Efficiency (CE), which is essential for evaluating how effectively fuel is burned in combustion systems.

It is widely used in industrial combustion processes, power plants, and environmental monitoring to optimize fuel usage and minimize pollutant emissions.

Explanation of Parameters:

• CO₂ Concentration: The volume concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the exhaust gases, measured in parts per million (ppm).
• CO Concentration: The volume concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gases, measured in parts per million (ppm).
• CE (%): The efficiency of the combustion process in converting fuel into useful energy, calculated using the formula:

Why CE is Important?

CE helps in **assessing the efficiency of combustion**, ensuring **optimal fuel utilization**, and reducing **harmful emissions like CO and unburned hydrocarbons**.

Validations:

• Applicability: Used in boilers, furnaces, incinerators, and internal combustion engines.
• CO₂ Concentration: Must be a non-negative value.
• CO Concentration: Must be a non-negative value.
• Input Limitation: CO₂ and CO cannot both be zero, as combustion must produce gases.
• High CE Values: A CE of **99% or higher** indicates efficient combustion with minimal carbon monoxide emissions.
• Limitations: Does not account for **heat losses, nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions, or incomplete combustion products like soot.**

Real-life Applications:

• Power Plants: Improving the efficiency of coal, gas, and biomass combustion.
• Industrial Boilers: Optimizing fuel combustion in manufacturing plants.
• Automobile Emissions Testing: Evaluating engine efficiency and exhaust gas quality.
• Waste Incineration: Reducing CO emissions and improving incinerator performance.
• HVAC Systems: Ensuring efficient heating and ventilation operations.

Conclusion:

The CE calculation is a **critical tool for energy efficiency and environmental protection**. Understanding it allows industries to **optimize combustion**, **reduce fuel wastage**, and **minimize air pollution**.