Note:

This formula calculates the corrected conductivity of a water sample at a given temperature based on its conductivity at 25°C. It is derived from the relationship between temperature and electrical conductivity, where the conductivity changes with temperature variations.

Why 25°C?

• Standard Reference Temperature: - **25°C** is the standard reference temperature for conductivity measurements, providing a consistent baseline for comparison.
• Temperature Dependence: - Conductivity increases with temperature due to higher ion mobility. Correcting to **25°C** removes the effect of temperature variations.
• Practical Use: - Many conductivity meters and sensors are calibrated to report values at **25°C**, ensuring compatibility with water quality standards and regulations.

Understanding Parameters:

• Conductivity at 25°C (σ₂₅) (µS/cm): The electrical conductivity of the water sample measured at 25°C, which serves as the reference value.
• Temperature (T) (°C): The actual temperature of the water sample.
• Temperature Coefficient (α) per °C: A correction factor that accounts for the change in conductivity with temperature (typically 0.02 or 2% per °C).
• Corrected Conductivity (σₜ) (µS/cm): The adjusted conductivity at temperature **T**, calculated using the formula: σₜ = σ₂₅ × [1 + α (T - 25)].

Key Applications:

• Water Quality Analysis: Ensures accurate conductivity readings by adjusting for temperature variations.
• Environmental Monitoring: Helps in assessing the impact of temperature changes on natural water bodies.
• Industrial Processes: Used in industries like power plants, chemical processing, and water treatment where conductivity monitoring is essential.

Validations & Input Constraints:

• Conductivity at 25°C (σ₂₅) must be positive: - σ₂₅ > 0 is required because negative conductivity values are not physically meaningful. - If σ₂₅ ≤ 0, an error message will be displayed: "Invalid input! Conductivity at 25°C must be a positive number."
• Temperature Coefficient (α) must be positive: - α > 0 ensures that the correction factor is correctly applied. - If α ≤ 0, an error message will be displayed: "Invalid input! Temperature coefficient must be a positive number."
• Temperature (T) can be any real number: - The temperature input is unrestricted but must be a valid numeric value.

Conclusion:

This tool allows users to accurately adjust conductivity readings for temperature changes, ensuring reliable water quality assessments in various applications.