Note:

Formula Explanation: This formula calculates the steam temperature (Ts) in a heat exchanger based on the temperature design constant (TDC) and the secondary fluid temperatures (T1 and T2). It is essential for determining heat exchanger efficiency and optimizing thermal systems.

Parameters Explanation:

• Temperature Design Constant (TDC): A fixed value specific to the heat exchanger’s design. It determines how efficiently the system transfers heat.
• Steam Temperature (Ts in °C): The temperature of steam after heat transfer. It helps in analyzing system performance.
• Secondary Fluid Inlet Temperature (T1 in °C): The temperature of the secondary fluid when it enters the heat exchanger.
• Secondary Fluid Outlet Temperature (T2 in °C): The temperature of the secondary fluid when it exits the heat exchanger.

Real-Life Applications:

• Power Plants: Used in boilers and steam turbines to optimize energy conversion.
• HVAC Systems: Helps in designing efficient heating and cooling units.
• Industrial Heat Exchangers: Critical for controlling temperatures in refineries, chemical plants, and food processing industries.

Conclusion:

• This formula plays a vital role in designing energy-efficient heat exchangers.
• Ensuring accurate values for TDC, T1, and T2 allows for better system performance and energy savings.
• Proper calculation of Ts prevents overheating, inefficiencies, and equipment damage.

Input Validation & User Feedback:

• TDC must be greater than 1: A value of 1 or lower makes the denominator zero or negative, leading to incorrect calculations.
• T1 and T2 must be greater than 0: Negative or zero values are unrealistic in real-world thermal systems and may indicate incorrect inputs.
• User Feedback for Invalid Inputs: If any input is invalid, the user receives a clear message explaining why the value is not accepted.
• Result Feedback:
  • If Ts is too high (above 300°C), a warning is shown about potential overheating.
  • If Ts is negative, the user is alerted that the input values might be incorrect.