Lockhart-Martinelli Parameter (X²) characterizes the interaction between liquid and gas phases in mixed flow, predicting flow patterns and pressure drops. It is a dimensionless number used in two-phase flow analysis to estimate frictional losses and phase distribution. The parameter is particularly useful in designing pipelines, heat exchangers, and other multiphase flow systems. Engineers use it to determine whether the flow is stratified, annular, or dispersed, ensuring accurate pressure drop calculations and efficient system performance.
Essential for designing efficient heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, and chemical reactors where phase change occurs, impacting energy efficiency and emissions.
liquid compares single-phase pressure gradients. Values below 0.01 indicate gas-dominated flow, while above 100 indicate liquid-dominated flow.
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III covers two-phase flow. API RP 14E provides guidelines for offshore systems.
Accurate two-phase flow prediction prevents system failures and optimizes energy use. The Martinelli parameter helps identify flow regimes critical for safety and efficiency in environmental and industrial systems.